Perceptual Principles for Effective Visualizations

Penny Rheingans and Chris Landreth

In Perceptual Issues in Visualization, Georges Grinstein and Haim Levkowitz, eds. Springer-Verlag, pp. 59-74.

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Figure 1. Two identical objects, illuminated from above (left) and from below (right).

Figure 2. Visualization of an isosurface on a flat map surface: (a) without shadows and (b) with soft shadows projected onto the flat surface.

Figure 3. Sediment erosion/deposition data represented using a standard spectrum color scale (3a) and a double-ended color scale (3b). Data courtesy of Joseph Gailani, Computer Sciences Corporation, EPA Large Lakes Research Station, Grosse Ile, MI.

Figure 4. Southern hemisphere ozone concentrations with missing values blanked (4a) or interpolated (4b). Data courtesy of NASA Goddard. Images created by Mark Bolstad, Martin Marietta Services Group, EPA Scientific Visualization Center.

Figure 5. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide represented using color (5a), height (5c), and a combination of both (5b). Data courtesy of US EPA Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory.

Figure 6. Ozone concentrations represented using standard spectrum (6a) and redundant rainbow (6b) color scales. Data courtesy of US EPA Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory.

Figure 7. Two examples of explicit redundancy: a) Visualization of the planet Jupiter showing redundant representations (image courtesy of W. Lytle, Cornell Theory Center), b) display of the molecule LTE4 showing redundant shadow projections on 3 surfaces (image courtesy of National Center for Supercomputing Applications).

Figure 8. Comparison between 3D volumetric field visualizations. a) isosurface representation, b) voxel representation.

Figure 9. Suspended sediment concentrations represented using standard spectrum (9a) and striped (9b) color scales. Data courtesy of Joseph Gailani, Computer Sciences Corporation, EPA Large Lakes Research Station, Grosse Ile, MI.

Figure 10. Ozone concentrations over Mid-Atlantic States represented using transparent surface (10a) and an opacity-modulated textured surface (10b). Data courtesy of US EPA Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory.

Figure 11. Molecule atoms, bonds, and solvent-accessible surface. The surface is either transparent (11a) or textured with an opacity-modulated texture (11b). Data courtesy of Mark Zottola, Duke University.

Figure 12. Use of orthogonality in layout. Simultaneous display of a 3D isosurface, 2D color field, and 2D height field.