---------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMERGENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY Last updated 6/17/2003 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Next reading assignment (Gary Flake's book) * On our list of things we might want to read next (*) To explore on your own if you're interested ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOUNDATIONS **Flake, G. W. (1998). The computational beauty of nature: computer explorations of fractals, chaos, complex systems, and adaptation. MIT Press. This common text gives a general overview of fractals and chaos as well as complex systems and adaptation. The companion website (http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/FLAOH/cbnhtml/index.html) includes java applets illustrating some of the systems. *Shannon's original paper on information theory *Godel, Escher, Bach (or parts thereof, or a paper on Godel's incompleteness theorem) *Y. Bar-Yam "Unifying Principles in Complex Systems" *Alan Turing, "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMERGENCE AND COMPLEXITY (*)Resnick, M. & B. Silverman. (1996). Exploring Emergence. Epistemology and Learning Group, MIT Media Laboratory. Available: http://llk.media.mit.edu/projects/emergence/. This interactive essay is from the MIT media lab and it provides an overview of emergence along with cute java applets illustrating the concepts. It's not very good as discussion material, but neat to play around with. @Book{Buchanan2001, author = {Mark Buchanan}, title = {Ubiquity: The Science of History... or Why the World Is Simpler Than We Think}, publisher = {Crown Pub}, year = {2001}, note = {288 pages, ISBN 060960810X, probably not difficult, discusses effects of nonequilibrium physics (small changes in things produce big results} } @Book{Gladwell2000, author = {Malcolm Gladwell}, title = {The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference}, publisher = {Little Brown and Company}, year = {2000}, note = {279 pages, ISBN 0316316962} } @Book{Capra2002, author = {Fritjof Capra}, title = {The Hidden Connections: Integrating the Biological, Cognitive, and Social Dimensions of Life into a Science of Sustainability}, publisher = {Doubleday}, year = {2002}, note = {320 pages, ISBN 0385494718, probably not difficult, looks like a "how everything came to be" book} } John Holland Emergence Perseus Publishing, 1999 John Holland Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity Perseus Publishing, 1996 The amazon reviews of this book were better than his Emergence book, but I don't know whether that means anything. Stuart Kauffman At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity Oxford University Press, 1996 Mitchell Waldrop Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos Touchstone Books, 1992 Stephen Wolfram A New Kind of Science Wolfram Media, Inc. 2002 at nearly 1200 self-aggrandizing pages, we might not want to actually *read* it, but there's a lot of buzz surrounding it, so we should at least read *about* it. (*)Ray Kurzweil Reflections on Stephen Wolfram's 'A New Kind of Science' http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0464.html?printable=1 good summary and discussion of Wolfram's book (*)Henry Cohn A New Kind of Science (book review) MAA Online Book Review Column http://www.maa.org/reviews/wolfram.html a more positive review than Kurzweil's (*)David H. Bailey A Reclusive Kind of Science: Review of A New Kind of Science To appear in Computing in Science and Engineering W. Edwin Clark A Collection of Reviews of ANKOS and Links to Related Work http://www.math.usf.edu/~eclark/ANKOS_reviews.html Lots more (as he says, "more reviews than you will care to read") ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- FRACTALS, ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS, AND CHAOS THEORY *Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos: making a new science. Viking Penguin. Reprinted in 1998 by Penguin USA. I haven't read this one, but it was recommended on several websites as an excellent non-purely-technical overview of the topic; the book is more of a "popular science" nature. Also, the book is relatively inexpensive ($14 on Amazon.com). From looking at the reviews, I'd strongly recommend it. [I read it years ago and thought it was very good --MdJ] *Hoskins, D. A. (1995). An iterated function systems approach to emergence. In Evolutionary computation IV: the edited proceedings of the fourth annual conference on evolutionary programming (pp. 673-692). MIT Press. Discusses using iterated function systems to predict the emergent properties of a system and guide the design of the system to exhibit these specific emergent properties. Elert, G. (1995). The chaos hypertextbook. Available: http://hypertextbook.com/chaos/. Elert's online text discusses chaos, fractals, and non-linear dynamics from a mathematical viewpoint with tons of illustrations. The discussions require mathematical knowledge, but the book is not designed for mathematicians, so the mathematics are not too complex. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- AGENT-BASED SYSTEMS AND SWARM INTELLIGENCE Minar, N., Burkhart, R., Langton, C., & Askenazi, M. (1996). The swarm simulation system: a toolkit for building multi-agent simulations. Available: http://www.swarm.org/archive/overview.ps. This is the introductory paper on the Swarm simulation system. @inproceedings{280772, author = {Guillaume Beslon and Fr=E9d=E9rique Biennier and B=E9at Hirsbrunner}, title = {Multi-robot path-planning based on implicit cooperation in a robotic swarm}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents}, year = {1998}, isbn = {0-89791-983-1}, pages = {39--46}, location = {Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/280765.280772}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Reactive agents in a material handling environment, not difficult}, } @inproceedings{544786, author = {Praveen Paruchuri and Alok Reddy Pullalarevu and Kamalakar Karlapalem}, title = {Multi agent simulation of unorganized traffic}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems}, year = {2002}, isbn = {1-58113-480-0}, pages = {176--183}, location = {Bologna, Italy}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/544741.544786}, publisher = {ACM Press}, notate = {Traffic simulation, not difficult}, } @Book{Bonabeau1999, author = {Eric Bonabeau and Marco Dorigo and Guy Theraulaz}, title = {Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems (Sante Fe Institute Studies on the Sciences of Complexity}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, year = {1999}, note = {320 pages, ISBN 0195131592} } @Book{Buchanan2002, author = {Mark Buchanan}, title = {Nexus: Small Worlds and the Groundbreaking Science of Networks}, publisher = {W. W. Norton and Company}, year = {2002}, note = {256 pages, ISBN 0393041530, discusses connections in complexity} } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELF-ORGANIZATION, NETWORKS, COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS *"Exploring Complex Networks" Steven Strogatz This is arguably the best recent survey paper on complex networks and the impact of understanding their structure and behavior. Much better than "linked" ;-) @Book{Barabasi2002, author = {Albert-L'{a}szl'{o} Barab'{a}si}, title = {Linked: The New Science of Networks}, publisher = {Perseus Publishing}, year = {2002}, nnote = {256 pages, probably not ddifulct, ISBN 0738206679, explanations of things in terms of complex connections} } Kevin Kelly Out of Control "groundbreaking book on decentralized systems" @Book{Watts1999, author = {Duncan J. Watts}, title = {Small Worlds}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, year = {1999}, note = {266 pages, ISBN 0691005419} } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND EVOLUTIONARY EMERGENCE OF INTELLIGENCE Channon, A. D. (1996). The evolutionary emergence route to artificial intelligence. Master's thesis, School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex. Channon's thesis discusses using evolutionary techniques to produce emergent complex behavior and "intelligence". He continues this line of research in his Ph.D. thesis: Channon, A. D. (2001). Evolutionary emergence: the struggle for existence in artificial biota. Ph.D. thesis, Image, Speech and Intelligent Systems (ISIS) Research Group, University of Southampton. Channon's website (http://www.channon.net/alastair/) contains these and other relevant papers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- EVOLUTIONARY METHODS Poon, J. & M. L. Maher. (1997). Co-evolution and emergence in design. Artificial Intelligence Engineering (UK), 11(3):319-327. Poon and Maher discuss co-evolution of the problem and solution space to emerge a solution to a design problem. The predecessor to this paper (and also relevant) is: Poon, J., & Maher, M. L. (1996). Emergent behavior in co-evolutionary design. In J. S. Gero, & F. Sudweeks (Eds.), Artificial intelligence in design (AID '96) (pp. 703-722). Kulwer Academic Publishers. Danny Hillis The Pattern in the Stone introduction to evolutionary programming @inproceedings{301182, author = {Fang Wang and Eric Mckenzie}, title = {A multi-agent based evolutionary artificial neural network for general navigation in unknown environments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents}, year = {1999}, isbn = {1-58113-066-x}, pages = {154--159}, location = {Seattle, Washington, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/301136.301182}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Evolutionary artificial neural network for navigation, moderately difficult}, } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- GAME THEORY AND EMERGENCE *Lygeros, J., Godbole, D. N., & Sastry, S. (1997). A design framework for hierarchical, hybrid control. PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-97-24, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley. Lygeros et al. use a foundation in game theory to design a robust controller that manages the emergent behavior of a system. This paper provides a good illustration of an application of game theory to controlling emergence, but it contains long mathematical derivations of the control mechanisms. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOCIAL CONVENTIONS Kittock, J. E. (1993). Emergent conventions and the structure of multi-agent systems. In L. Nadel, & D. Stein (Eds.), 1993 lectures in complex systems: the proceedings of the 1993 complex systems summer school, Santa Fe institute studies in the sciences of complexity 4. Addison-Wesley. Kittock, J. E. (1994). The impact of locality and authority on emergent conventions: initial observations. In Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI '94) (pp. 420-425). These two papers discuss various factors influencing the social conventions that emerge from a system. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- GRAPHICS (*)@inproceedings{238566, author = {Suguru Ishizaki}, title = {Multiagent model of dynamic design: visualization as an emergent behavior of active design agents}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems}, year = {1996}, isbn = {0-89791-777-4}, pages = {347--354}, location = {Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/238386.238566}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Active agents produce a design, not difficult, perhaps not terribly interesting}, } * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- APPLICATION DOMAINS / MISC. @inproceedings{170885, author = {Paul Buchheit}, title = {INFANT: a modular approach to natural language processing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1993 ACM conference on Computer science}, year = {1993}, isbn = {0-89791-558-5}, pages = {410--417}, location = {Indianapolis, Indiana, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/170791.170885}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Natural language processing using mundane agents, not difficult}, } @inproceedings{313558, author = {J. M. Kahn and R. H. Katz and K. S. J. Pister}, title = {Next century challenges: mobile networking for =93Smart Dust=94}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {1999}, isbn = {1-58113-142-9}, pages = {271--278}, location = {Seattle, Washington, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/313451.313558}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Explores topic of smart dust and the challenges proposed to networking, not difficult}, } @inproceedings{325307, author = {Thomas W. Mastaglio}, title = {Enterprise simulations: theoretical foundations and a practical perspective}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st conference on Winter simulation}, year = {1999}, isbn = {0-7803-5780-9}, pages = {1485--1489}, location = {Phoenix, Arizona, United States}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/324898.325307}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Simulating business enterprises, not difficult}, } @article{355325, author = {Alan Dix and Tom Rodden and Nigel Davies and Jonathan Trevor and Adrian Friday and Kevin Palfreyman}, title = {Exploiting space and location as a design framework for interactive mobile systems}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, year = {2000}, issn = {1073-0516}, pages = {285--321}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/355324.355325}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Considers importance of context, especially location, in mobile networks, not difficult, may not be entirely relevant but mentions emergent behavior several times}, } @article{79205, author = {Larry Press}, title = {Personal computing: simple complexity and COMDEX}, journal = {Communications of the ACM}, volume = {33}, number = {7}, year = {1990}, issn = {0001-0782}, pages = {21--26}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/79204.79205}, publisher = {ACM Press}, note = {Introductory material, not difficult}, } @Book{Omerod2001, author = {Paul Omerod}, title = {Butterfly Economics: A New General Theory of Social and Economic Behavior}, publisher = {Basic Books}, year = {2001}, note = {240 pages, ISBN 0465053564, chaos theory and economics, probably not difficult, perhaps dismal} } @Book{Jacobs1992, author = {Jane Jacobs}, title = {The Death and Life of Great American Cities}, publisher = {Vintage Books}, year = {reissued 1992}, note = {480 pages, ISBN 067974195X, probably not difficult, originally written 30 years ago, discusses cities as living beings} } ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOFTWARE (*)StarLogo http://lcs.www.media.mit.edu/courses/mas712/slweb/ (*)Swarm www.swarm.org MICE http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/testbeds/mice/0.html (stale link?) discrete-event agent simulator - general testbed for agents, not particularly emergence